09-01-2024, 12:57 PM
Yes, this is correct 100%
So, it seems that Nickel might be a better option in the class of affordable materials available off the shelf … and doesn’t look expensive considering that we only need a very little amount.
So, I will order some nickel wire to confirm what Arie Melis deGeus say in his patent. So, I may get about 2 V per cell if keep using magnesium as lower work function in equation.
Any other suggestion for lower work function element available off the shelf which doesn’t react with water is more than welcome. I know magnesium will react even with deionised water but as long as a very thin layer of oxide is formed on surface the oxidation stop. So, basically I a using magnesium oxide ? for work function which can explain a little higher gain than predicted with pure magnesium.
So, all this work function depends on purity of elements used and also on purity of water .. which I have found satisfactory to use deionised water off the shelf and 99.9… purity of metal large available … it may be further improved using pharmaceutical grade pure water but the cost do not justify … i think.
Another important point that I want to bring to your attention is: the higher is the stack the higher is the resistance and after a certain number of stacks in series we are going to see a great voltage drop … this is where all those experimenting with Stubblefield batteries have failed in obtaining the power they were looking for. Do not get confused by DC resistance in wire transmission ! This is something different, and this is how semiconductor works.
I have no intention to over complicate things here so, i will keep things simple as much as possible for diy methods at home … but I do consider a mass production in nano scale … in case some crap greedy individuals or companies try to patent it.
IMHO, a better result can be obtained if we make separate small stacks and series them, than parallel for greater chargig capabilities.
All connections MUST be as short as physical possible between cells and decent size must be provided for insulated bus bar. I am considering bus bar made of multiple layers of copper sheet in adhesive lined shrink tubes or water shield coating after ends electrodes been inserted between layers very tide eventually using stainless steel screws … it is cheaper to use stainless steel screws than brass screws. Keep in mind magnesium is not that easy to work with !
Most pf people trying to manufacture batteries are looking for great reduction of internal resistance, but the other way around can be exploited. So, there is a different concept where I am trying to obtain the very same effect exploited by power grid suppliers/distribution … if it works for them, it will work for us as well.
Here I am suggesting that power plants provide with the help of transformers high voltage low current in network distribution which is than further transformed in substations with adequate current and lower voltage for domestic/commercial usage. And it will work very well if we use frequency in rage of MHz where we use a transmission line between emitter and receiver of few meters long according to wavelength calculated … as Tesla indicate in high voltage transmission were quarter wave amplification is employed for safety reason as well on each side of the transmission line (Morray generator is built in this way and many people think (wrong !) the wire is in fact an antenna). This wire is slightly sagging and in this way allow for free vibrations desired so, distance between supportive poles might be essential (not sure about this, must be checked).
In short: imagine this assembly as a miniature power plant with a single point of distribution that will be your home generator which can be placed in your back garden, loft or balcony or even between 2 rooms with windows on the same external wall.
So, we can use trial and error approach to find out how many cells can be connected in series … if we observe the total voltage is lower than the sum of each cell we need to disconnect from series one by one until the sum of each one correspond to the output reading, provided that each cell will be made as possible identical. Now build exactly the same and connect them in parallel.
Another option is to attach a tantalum capacitor of 10-40 uF in parallel for each cell, but being placed in a wet condition requires protective coating or special condition capacitors which makes it expensive, or cheaper ceramic caps of the same capacity any of them for lowest voltage available usually 10 v or 2-4 v if the cost allow. Although they are not essential.
But, it is important to add a capacitor in parallel with the output for each battery in range of 100 uF with 10-20% higher voltage then the output of battery, eventually super/ultra capacitors or double layer capacitors (built on same model of supercap) matching the voltage and capacity (this is getting expensive). So, for diy method electrolytic caps 100 uF 16 v might suffice provided that you are not building more than 14 v per battery.
Once such a battery is built we can discuss the best method of usage of such free continuous electrical power, non polluting, eco friendly, small size, easy to manufacture at home without expensive or specialised tools. Although a good degree of skills and accuracy is required.
So, it seems that Nickel might be a better option in the class of affordable materials available off the shelf … and doesn’t look expensive considering that we only need a very little amount.
So, I will order some nickel wire to confirm what Arie Melis deGeus say in his patent. So, I may get about 2 V per cell if keep using magnesium as lower work function in equation.
Any other suggestion for lower work function element available off the shelf which doesn’t react with water is more than welcome. I know magnesium will react even with deionised water but as long as a very thin layer of oxide is formed on surface the oxidation stop. So, basically I a using magnesium oxide ? for work function which can explain a little higher gain than predicted with pure magnesium.
So, all this work function depends on purity of elements used and also on purity of water .. which I have found satisfactory to use deionised water off the shelf and 99.9… purity of metal large available … it may be further improved using pharmaceutical grade pure water but the cost do not justify … i think.
Another important point that I want to bring to your attention is: the higher is the stack the higher is the resistance and after a certain number of stacks in series we are going to see a great voltage drop … this is where all those experimenting with Stubblefield batteries have failed in obtaining the power they were looking for. Do not get confused by DC resistance in wire transmission ! This is something different, and this is how semiconductor works.
I have no intention to over complicate things here so, i will keep things simple as much as possible for diy methods at home … but I do consider a mass production in nano scale … in case some crap greedy individuals or companies try to patent it.
IMHO, a better result can be obtained if we make separate small stacks and series them, than parallel for greater chargig capabilities.
All connections MUST be as short as physical possible between cells and decent size must be provided for insulated bus bar. I am considering bus bar made of multiple layers of copper sheet in adhesive lined shrink tubes or water shield coating after ends electrodes been inserted between layers very tide eventually using stainless steel screws … it is cheaper to use stainless steel screws than brass screws. Keep in mind magnesium is not that easy to work with !
Most pf people trying to manufacture batteries are looking for great reduction of internal resistance, but the other way around can be exploited. So, there is a different concept where I am trying to obtain the very same effect exploited by power grid suppliers/distribution … if it works for them, it will work for us as well.
Here I am suggesting that power plants provide with the help of transformers high voltage low current in network distribution which is than further transformed in substations with adequate current and lower voltage for domestic/commercial usage. And it will work very well if we use frequency in rage of MHz where we use a transmission line between emitter and receiver of few meters long according to wavelength calculated … as Tesla indicate in high voltage transmission were quarter wave amplification is employed for safety reason as well on each side of the transmission line (Morray generator is built in this way and many people think (wrong !) the wire is in fact an antenna). This wire is slightly sagging and in this way allow for free vibrations desired so, distance between supportive poles might be essential (not sure about this, must be checked).
In short: imagine this assembly as a miniature power plant with a single point of distribution that will be your home generator which can be placed in your back garden, loft or balcony or even between 2 rooms with windows on the same external wall.
So, we can use trial and error approach to find out how many cells can be connected in series … if we observe the total voltage is lower than the sum of each cell we need to disconnect from series one by one until the sum of each one correspond to the output reading, provided that each cell will be made as possible identical. Now build exactly the same and connect them in parallel.
Another option is to attach a tantalum capacitor of 10-40 uF in parallel for each cell, but being placed in a wet condition requires protective coating or special condition capacitors which makes it expensive, or cheaper ceramic caps of the same capacity any of them for lowest voltage available usually 10 v or 2-4 v if the cost allow. Although they are not essential.
But, it is important to add a capacitor in parallel with the output for each battery in range of 100 uF with 10-20% higher voltage then the output of battery, eventually super/ultra capacitors or double layer capacitors (built on same model of supercap) matching the voltage and capacity (this is getting expensive). So, for diy method electrolytic caps 100 uF 16 v might suffice provided that you are not building more than 14 v per battery.
Once such a battery is built we can discuss the best method of usage of such free continuous electrical power, non polluting, eco friendly, small size, easy to manufacture at home without expensive or specialised tools. Although a good degree of skills and accuracy is required.