Forums - Electonic Projects & Schematics

A way to calculate frequency

Wed, 21 Feb 2024 01:09:15 +0100

Hello,

Does anyone know an efficient method to calculate the frequency of an aluminum rod or any other aluminum object?

Thanks.

99% efficient inverter of Arie DeGeus

Mon, 29 Jan 2024 08:18:04 +0100

Enjoy !

NL1031494.pdf (Size: 598.21 KB / Downloads: 105)

SoundCard Pulse Generator App

Mon, 18 Dec 2023 18:21:53 +0100

Here is an application I made. It is a web app to uses soundcard or bluetooth as a trigger controller with a simple circuit hookup.

Help With Rodin Coil Winding

Wed, 25 Oct 2023 14:29:46 +0200

Good day folks. I got these templates for a frame to hold a rodin coil. But i'm not sure how to wind it. Anyone here with experience with this. It seems that there are many designs online when I do a photo search!

Here are the photos of the pieces.

  wheel.jpg (Size: 100.66 KB / Downloads: 49)

  0fce64b64989c99c860db1971def2edf_display_large.jpg (Size: 56.07 KB / Downloads: 49)

  35c8735a833e4749d62f5b55ecfe7560_display_large.jpg (Size: 126.48 KB / Downloads: 49)

  1fd588f25e3c196245001f20e609fd8d_display_large.jpg (Size: 285.69 KB / Downloads: 49)

  a7e2cd01ec48c3842b58d1cafef1db93_display_large.jpg (Size: 61.92 KB / Downloads: 48)

  7a21c67a7be17412c1fc875a747cfe77_display_large.jpg (Size: 51.86 KB / Downloads: 47)

  fd28bd624c005273a0136079e77eda83_display_large.jpg (Size: 57.87 KB / Downloads: 47)

And this is what it's supposed to look like complete.

  608b83dad57b41eac16e317cb3b52a6a_display_large.jpg (Size: 217.53 KB / Downloads: 49)

Apparatus For Entraining Environmental Energy

Sat, 23 Sep 2023 01:25:17 +0200

Apparatus For Entraining Environmental Energy

TKsEEEEv2.2.jpg (Size: 90.83 KB / Downloads: 82)

Diode Cap Dump

Sat, 23 Sep 2023 01:16:54 +0200

Diode Cap Dump

image_23084434.jpg (Size: 25.29 KB / Downloads: 193)

Bedini Cap Dump

Sat, 23 Sep 2023 01:12:25 +0200

image_43331d.jpg (Size: 89.03 KB / Downloads: 107)

All About Gravitational Waves - With Most Simple Detector

Wed, 20 Sep 2023 01:23:45 +0200

All About Gravitational Waves - With Most Simple Detector

All About Gravitational Waves
by Gregory Hodowanec
Reproduced without permission from
Radio-Electronics magazine April 1986
by The Trace - June 1, 1991
Abstract:
Are gravitational waves the source of noise in electronic devices?
The author believes so, and describes a simple circuit to detect the
waves.
The author has developed a new cosmology that predicts the existance
of a new type of gravitational signal. We are publishing the
results of some of his experiments in the hope that it will foter
experimentation as well as alternate explanations for his results.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Einstein predicted the existence of gravity waves - the counterpart
of light and radio waves - many years ago. However, he predicted
the existence of quadrature-type gravity waves. Unfortunately, no
one has been able to detect quadrature-type gravity waves.
Consequently, the author developed, over the years, a new cosmology,
or theory of the universe, in which monopole gravity waves are
predicted. The author's theory does not preclude the existence of
Einsteinian gravity waves, but they are viewed as being extremely
weak, very long in wavelength, and therefore very difficult to
detect unequivocally. Monopole signals, however, are relatively
strong, so they are much more easily detected.
Monopole gravity waves have been detected for many years; it's just
that we've been used to calling them 1/f "noise" signals or flicker
noise. Those noise signals can be seen in low-frequency electronic
circuits. More recently, such signals have been called Microwave
Background Radiation (MBR); most scientists believe that to be a
relic of the so-called "big bang" that created the universe.
In the author's cosmology, the universe is considered to be a
finite, spherical, closed system; in other words, it is a black
body.
Monopole gravity waves "propagate" any distance in Planck time,
which is about 10^-44 seconds; hence, their effects appear
everywhere almost instantaneously. The sum total of background flux
Page 1
in the universe gives rise to the observed microwave temperature, in
our universe, of about three degrees kelvin.
Sources of monopole gravity waves include common astrophysical
phenomena like supernovas, novas, starquakes, etc., as well as
earthly phenomena like earthquakes, core movements, etc. Those
sorts of cosmic and earthly events cause delectable temporary
variations in the amount of gravitational-impule radiation present
in the universe.
Novas, especially supernovas (which are large exploding stars), are
very effective generators of oscillatory monopole gravity waves.
Those signals have a Gaussian waveshape and a lifetime of only a few
tens of milliseconds. They can readily impart a portion of their
energy to free particles like molecules, atoms, and electrons.
The background flux, in general, is fairly constant. Variations in
the backgrouns flux are caused by movements of large mass
concentrations like galaxies, super-galaxies, and black holes.
These movements create gravitational "shadows," analogous to optical
shadows. When the earth-moon-sun alignment is just right, the
gravtational shadow of a small, highly concentrated mass -- a black
hole, for example -- can be detected and tracked from the Earth.
So, keeping those facts in mind, let's look at several practical
methods of detecting gravitational energy.
Electrons and Capacitors
------------------------
As stated above, gravity-wave energy can be imparted to ordinary
objects. Of special interest to us are the loosely-bound electrons
in ordinary capacitors. Perhaps you have wondered how a discharged
high-valued electrolytic capacitor (say 1000 uF at 35 volts) can
develop a charge even though it is disconnected from an electrical
circuit.
While some of that charging could be attributed to a chemical
reaction in the capacitor, I believe that much of it is caused by
gravity-wave impulses bathing the capacitor at all times. And the
means by which gravity waves transfer energy is similar to another
means of energy transfer that is well known to readers of Radio-
Electronics: the electric field.
As shown in Fig. 1-a, the presence of a large mass near the plates
of a capacitor causes a polarized alignment of the molecules in the
capacitor, as though an external DC voltage had been applied to the
capacitor, as shown in Fig. 1-b.
You can verify that yourself:
Drop a fully-discharged 1000-uF, 35-volt electrolytic
capacitor broadside on a hard surface from a height of
two or three feet.
Then measure the voltage across the capacitor with a high-
impedance voltmeter.
Page 2
You will find a voltage of about 10 to 50 mV. Drop the
capacitor several times on opposite sides, don't let it
bounce, and note how charge builds up to a saturation level
that may be as high as one volt.
In that experiment, the energy of free-fall is converted to
polarization energy in the capacitor. The loosely-bound electrons
are literally "jarred" into new polarization positions.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Vangard note...
We must be careful before jumping to such conclusions without
regard for the more natural property of the piezo-electric
effect. Capacitor construction can consist of a variety of
materials, many of which include a metal foil. Note that all
metal has a crystalline structure, therefore, all metals to some
degree possess piezo-electric properties.
The Piezo-electric property is most easily demonstrated by the
use of any crystal, most commonly quartz. When a crystal is
subjected to bursts of electrical energy occurring at sonic
rates, the crystal will convert the electrical energy into
mechanical movement which then percusses the air at the rate of
the electrical frequencies, i.e. a speaker.
The inverse of this process can be used to convert mechanical
pressure into electrical energy. Any abrupt mechanical shock
applied to the crystal will therefore produce electricity, a
process Keely referred to as "shock excitation."
In regard to the dropping of the capacitor to allow it to strike
the floor, the question follows, is the striking on the floor in
actuality converting the abrupt mechanical shock into electrical
energy which then does not bleed off until discharged?
If in fact the movement of a capacitor through space will induce
a charge on the plates of the capacitor, then we can see some
interesting possibilities. Most important of all the direction
towards a free energy device using the moving plates of a
capacitor. Maybe this is the secret of the Testatika, the M-L
convertor and others which use electrostatic chopping.
A more interesting experiment, indeed, a proof of the claim,
would be to spin one or more capacitors at various diameters and
speeds and monitor the developed voltage. This could very well
lead to some quantitative observations.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
In a similar manner, gravitational impulses from space "jar"
electrons into new polarization positions.
Here's another experiment:
Monitor a group of similar capacitors that have reached
equilibrium conditions while being bathed by normal
background gravitational impulses.
You'll observe that, over a period of time, the voltage
Page 3
across all those open-circuited capacitors will be equal, and
that it will depend only on the average background flux at
the time. Temperature should be kept constant for that
experiment.
I interpret those facts to mean that a capacitor develops a charge
that reflects the monopole gravity-wave signals existing at that
particular location in the universe. So, although another device
could be used, we will use a capacitor as the sensing element in the
gravity-wave detectors described next.
The simplest detector
---------------------
Monopole gravity waves generate small impulse currents that may be
coupled to an op-amp configured as a current-to-voltage converter,
as shown in Fig. 2. The current-to-voltage converter is a nearly
lossless current-measuring device.
It gives an output voltage that is proportional to the product of
the input current (which can be in the picoampere range) and
resistor R1. Linearity is assured because the non-DC-connected
capacitor maintains the op-amp's input terminals at virtual ground.
The detector's output may be coupled to a high-impedance digital or
analog voltmeter, an audio amplifier, or an oscilloscope. In
addition, a chart recorder could be used to record the DC output
over a period of time, thus providing a record of long-term "shadow-
drift" effects.
Resistor R2 and capacitor C2 protect the output of the circuit;
their values will depend on what you're driving. To experiment, try
a 1k resistor and a 0.1 uF capacitor.
The output of the detector (Eo) may appear in two forms, depending
on whether or not stabilizing capacitor Cx is connected. When it
is, the output will be highly amplified 1/f noise signals, as shown
in Fig. 3-a.
Without Cx, the circuit becomes a "ringing" circuit with a slowly-
decaying output that has a resonant frequency of 500-600 Hz for the
component values shown. In that configuration, the circuit is a
Quantum Non-Demolition (QND) circuit, as astrophysicists call it; it
will now actually display the amplitude variations (waveshapes) of
the passing gravitational-impulse bursts, as shown in Fig. 3-b.
An interesting variation on the detector may be built by increasing
the value of sensing capacitor C1 to about 1000-1600 uF. After
circuit stability is achieved, the circuit will respond to almost
all gravity-wave signals in the universe. By listening carefully to
the audio output of the detector you can hear not only normal 1/f
noise, but also many "musical" sounds of space, as well as other
effects that will not be disclosed here.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Vangard note...
Several years earlier, Hodowanec was claiming that he had
actually made contact with someone on the planet Mars. He
said the signals eventually evolved into intelligible
Page 4
patterns which indicated there was a decimated civilization
still in existence on the planet.
We have the papers and will list them in the near future for
those who might be interested...this is what he refers to in
the comment "other effects that will not be disclosed here"
and was due to the national nature of the magazine in which
the article was published.
He says a cone of receptivity from or to Mars was the reason
that the signals could only be detected at certain locations
on either planet. In other words, you must be in the right
place at the right time and with the right equipment. The
signals essentially used modulated gravitational waves.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
An improved detector
--------------------
Adding a buffer stage to the basic circuit, as shown in Fig. 4,
makes the detector easier to work with. The IC used is a common
1458 (which is a dual 741). One op-amp is used as the detector, and
the other op-amp multiplies the detector's output by a factor of 20.
Potentiometer R3 is used to adjust the output to the desired level.
When used unshielded, the circuits presented here are not only
sensitive detectors of gravitational impulses, but also of
*electromagnetic* signals ranging from 50-500 GHz! Hence, these
circuits could be used to detect many types of signals, including
radar signals.
To detect only gravity waves, and not EMI, the circuit should be
shielded against all electromagnetic radiation. Both circuits are
low in cost and easy to build. Assembly is non-critical, although
proper wiring practices should be followed.
Initially, you should use the op-amps specified; don't experiment
with other devices until you attain satisfactory results with the
devices called for. Later you can experiment with other components,
like low-power op-amps, especially CMOS types, which have diodes
across their inputs to protect them against high input voltages.
Those diodes make them much less sensitive to electromagnetic
radiation, so circuits that use those devices may be used to detect
gravity-waves without shielding.
The circuit in Fig. 4 is the QND or ringing type, but the feedback
resistance is variable from 0.5 to 2 megohms. That allows you to
tune the circuit to the natural oscillating frequency of different
astrophysical events.
Huge supernova bursts, for example, have much larger amplitudes, and
much lower frequencies of oscillation than normal supernovas and
novas. Hence you can tune the detector for the supernova burst rate
that interests you. With the component values given in Fig. 4, the
resonant frequency of the circuitcan be varied between 300-900 Hz.
The circuit of Fig. 4, or a variant thereof, was used to obtain all
the experimental data discussed below.
Page 5
In addition, the circuits that we've described in this article were
built in an aluminum chassis and then located within an additional
steel box to reduce pickup of stray EMI. Power and output
connections were made through filter-type feedthrough capacitors.
In the QND mode, coupling the detector's output to an audio
amplifier and an oscilloscope gives impressive sound and sight
effects.
Fluctuations generally reflect passing gravitational shadows. The
author has taken much data of the sort to be discussed; let's
examine a few samples of that data to indicate the kind of results
you can expect, and ways of interpreting those results.
Sample scans
------------
Shown in Fig. 5 is an unusual structure that was repeated exactly
the next day, but four minutes earlier. The pattern was followed
for several weeks, moving four minutes earlier per day.
That confirms the observation that the burst response of the
detector was related to our location on earth with respect to the
rest of the universe. The change of four minutes per day
corresponds with the relative movements of the earth and the body
that was casting the "shadow."
The plot of Fig. 6 appears to be a supernova, probably in our own
galaxy, caught in the act of exploding. The plot of Fig. 7 was made
four days after another supernova explosion; that plot reveals that
that supernova left a well-developed black hole and "ring"
structure.
You may find it interesting to consider that visual indications of
those supernovas will not be seen for several thousand years! As
such, it might be "quite a while" before we get a visual
confirmation of our suspected supernova!
Last, Fig. 8 shows a plot of the moon's gravitational shadow during
the eclipse of May 30, 1984. Note that the gravitational shadow
preceded the optical shadow by about eight minutes!
That gives credence to our claim that gravitational effects
propagate instantaneously. Relatedly, but not shown here, a deep
shadow is consistently detected whenever the center of the galaxy
appears on the meridian (180 degrees) hinting of the existence of a
"black hole" in that region.
Conclusions
-----------
In this article we discussed the highlights of a new theory of the
universe that predicts the existence of monopole gravity waves. We
then presented details of a circuit that can be used to detect
monopole gravity waves.
The author has monitored those signals for ten years so is confident
that you will be able to duplicate those results. Needless to say,
the subject of gravity waves is a largely unexplored one, and there
is much yet to be learned.
Page 6
Perhaps this article will inspire you to contribute to that
knowledge. In your experiments, you might consider trying the
following: Operate several detector circuits at the same time and
record the results.
Separate the detectors -- even by many miles --and record their
outputs. In such experiments, the author found that the circuits'
outputs were very similar. Those results would seem to count out
local EMI or pure random noise as the cause of the circuit response.
For more information on the subject of gravity you might consult
_Gravitation_ by C. Misner, K. Thorne, and J. Wheeler, published by
W.H. Freeman and Co., 1973. Also, the article, "Quantum Non-
Demolition Measurements" in _Science_, Volume 209, August 1 1980
contains useful information on the QND type of measurement used
here.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Sidebar: Rhysmonic Cosmology
Ancient and Renaissance physicists postulated the existence of an
all-pervasive medium they called the _ether_. Since the advent of
sub-atomic physics and relativity, theories of the ether have fallen
into disuse.
Rhysmonic cosmology postulates the existence of rhysmons, which are
the fundamental particles of nature, and which pervade the universe,
as does the ether.
Each rhysmon has the attributes of size, shape, position, and
velocity; rhysmons are arranged in space in a matrix structure, the
density of which varies according to position in the universe.
The matrix structure of rhysmons in free space gives rise to the
fundamental units of length, time, velocity, mass, volume, density,
and energy discovered by physicist Max Planck.
Fundamental postulates of the Rhysmonic Universe can be summarized
as follows:
o The universe is finite and spherical
o Euclidean geometry is sufficient to describe Rhysmonic
Space.
o The edge of the universe is a perfect reflector of energy.
o Matter forms only in the central portion of the universe.
The matrix structure of rhysmons allows the instantaneous
transmission of energy along a straight line, called an energy
vector, from the point of origin to the edge of the universe, where
it would be reflected according to laws similar those giverning
spherical optics.
In Rhysmonic Cosmology, mass, inertia, and energy are treated as
they are in classical mechanics. Mass arises, according to the
author, because "particles in rhysmonic cosmology must be the result
of changes in the `density' of the rhysmonic structure, since the
universe is nothing more than rhysmons and the void."
In a "dense" area of the universe, such as the core of a particle, a
number of rhysmons are squeezed togther. This means that every
Page 7
particle has a correlating anti-particle, or an area of
correspondingly low density. In addition, a particle has an excess
of outward-directed energy vectors, and an anti-particle has an
excess of inward-directed energy vectors. Those vectors are what we
usually call electric charge.
Gravity is not a force of attraction between objects; rather, two
objects are impelled towards each other by energy vectors impinging
on the surfaces of those objects that do not face each other.
Netwon's laws of gravitation hold, although their derivation is
different than in Newton's system.
Gravitational waves arise in various ways, but, in general, a large
astronomical disturbance, such as the explosion of a supernova,
instantaneously modulates the rhysmonic energy vectors. That
modulation might then appear, for example, superimposed on the
Earth's gravitaional-field flux -- and it would be detectable by
circuits like those described here.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Diagrams
--------
Fig. 2 - A Basic gravity-wave
detector is very simple. The
- - - - )| - - - -- - - - -. charge build-up on capacitor C1
. Cx 470pF . is due to gravity-wave impulses
. . amplified by IC1 for output.
. .
. .
. R1 1.3M . R2 see text
o----v^v^v^----------------o -----v^v^v^------------------O DC
| | | Output
| ^ | |
| _ | +9V | |
| 2| \_|7 | |
o---------| \_ | |
_|_ |IC1 \_ 6 | | C2 see text
___ C1 | 741 _>--------o---o-----|(---------------------O Audio
| .22 3| _/ Output
o---------| _/4
| |_/ |
| v -9V
|
|-----------------------------------------------------------O Gnd
Page 8
O
Output
R1 500K R2 1.5M R5 100K |
-----^v^v^v------^v^v^v-- |----^v^v^v----------------------o
| ^ | | |
| | | | |
| _ |___| | _ ^ +9V |
| 2| \_ | | 6| \_ | |
o---------| \_ | o------| \_|8 |
_|_C1 |IC1-a\_ 1 | >R4 |IC1-b\_ 7 |
___ .22 |1/2 _>-----o >5K |1/2 _>-----------------|
| 3|1458_/ | > 5|1458_/
o---------| _/ R3> | |---| _/ |4
| |_/ 10K><---| | |_/ |
| > | v -9V
| | |
|-----------------------o-------o-----------------------------O Gnd
Fig. 4 -- A buffered output stage makes the gravity-wave detector
easier to use.
Parts List - Simple Detector Parts List - Buffered Detector
All resistors 1/4-watt, 5%. All fixed resistors 1/4-watt, 5%.
R1 - 1.3 megohm R1 - 500,000 ohms
R2 - see text R2 - 1.5 megohms, potentiometer
Capacitors R3 - 10,000 ohms, potentiometer
C1 - 0.22 uF R4 - 5000 ohms
C2 - see text R5 - 100,000 ohms
Cx - see text Capacitors
Semiconductors C1 - 0.22 uF
IC1 - 741 op-amp Semiconductors
IC1 - 1458 dual op-amp
--------------------------------------------------------------------
If you have comments or other information relating to such topics
as this paper covers, please upload to KeelyNet or send to the
Vangard Sciences address as listed on the first page.
Thank you for your consideration, interest and support.
Jerry W. Decker.........Ron Barker...........Chuck Henderson
Vangard Sciences/KeelyNet

SIMPLE TIME-DISTORTION DETECTOR

Wed, 20 Sep 2023 00:03:11 +0200

SIMPLE TIME-DISTORTION DETECTOR

Several inventions in the realm of alternative science have claimed to distort local space-time, affecting either the speed of light or the flow of time. Detecting these anomalies is nontrivial, but there are a few proposed methods. Optical distortions could be observed through the use of Schlieren or Foucault mirror test systems, while deflections in a laser beam can be identified using an "optical lever." However, these methods may not be sensitive enough to capture extremely subtle effects.

Here’s an alternative yet sensitive approach: Construct two crystal oscillators. Utilize one as a reference and the other as a probe. Beat their outputs together and monitor the difference frequency, either through instrumentation or even by ear. Place the reference oscillator at a significant distance and use the probe to examine the area around a device suspected to produce time anomalies. Any local changes in time would manifest as fluctuations in the beat frequency.

A rudimentary version of this apparatus using a CD4049 CMOS inverter and 32KHz digital watch crystals. I discovered that power supply coupling caused phase-locking between the oscillators, an issue mitigated by using independent power supplies and buffer stages.

Frequency synchronization can be achieved by altering the power supply voltage or adjusting the bias point of the CMOS inverter's input pin. Note that these crystals are temperature-sensitive, so temperature stabilization measures such as "crystal ovens" are advisable for a robust setup.

Subsequent experiments with 30MHz 5-volt oscillators revealed more stable behavior, although temperature compensation was still needed. Multiple display methods were explored, ranging from oscilloscopic visualizations to direct frequency measurements using commercial frequency counters.

Let's delve into the construction details.

Crystal Oscillators

Use a CD4049 CMOS inverter IC for each oscillator. This chip will form the heart of your oscillator.
Connect a 32KHz digital watch crystal between the input and output pins of one of the inverters in the CD4049. This forms a simple oscillator circuit.
Use a capacitor (say, 22pF) on either side of the crystal to ground to improve the stability.
Power the IC using an LM78L05 voltage regulator to give a stable 5V power supply. Use separate regulators for each oscillator to minimize interference.

Buffering and Isolation

To eliminate phase-lock between the oscillators, use a buffering stage, perhaps another inverter from the CD4049, connected to the output of the oscillator.
Use separate power supplies for each oscillator to minimize coupling. Isolate the ground lines as much as possible.

Frequency Synchronization

To fine-tune the oscillators, you can use LM317 adjustable regulators. Connect them to the VCC pin of the CD4049 and adjust the voltage to slightly alter the frequency.

Temperature Compensation

House each oscillator circuit, including the CD4049 IC and the crystal, inside a small metal can.
Add a PTC thermistor within each can. The thermistor will act as a rudimentary "oven," stabilizing the temperature.

Output Analysis

You can use a simple mixer circuit to combine the outputs and listen to the difference or "beat" frequency.
Alternatively, use an oscilloscope to visually monitor the oscillators. Trigger the oscilloscope with one oscillator and display the output of the other.

Optional Enhancements

For even better results, you may opt for 30MHz 5-volt oscillators that come in shielded cans. These oscillators usually include buffering and some power supply regulation internally.
As we tread these less-traveled paths of scientific exploration, let's not forget the minutiae. They may very well hold the key to unlocking the secrets we seek.

Gravity Wave Radio

Tue, 19 Sep 2023 23:47:55 +0200

Gravity Wave Radio

gravity wave radio.pdf (Size: 911.84 KB / Downloads: 66)

SCALAR ELECTROSTATIC GRADIOMETER

Tue, 19 Sep 2023 23:46:08 +0200

SCALAR ELECTROSTATIC GRADIOMETER

scalar.gif (Size: 7.19 KB / Downloads: 45)

PARTS:

2 - TL082 dual JFET op amp (Tex. Inst)
1 - .001uF 50V ceramic disk capacitor
5 - .01uF 50V ceramic disk capacitor
3 - 100pF 50V ceramic disk capacitor
2 - 10uF 25V electrolytic capacitor
1 - 2M ohm potentiometer (lin. taper)
2 - 1M ohm potentiometer (aud. taper)
1 - Diode 1N914, 1N4148, or similar
1 - 100M ohm resistor (or five 22M in series)
2 - 120uH RF choke coil
1 - Ferrite toroid (T1, see text)
Resistors, 1/8W 5%
- 2 - 1M
- 2 - 47K
- 2 - 10K
- 4 - 6.2K
- 1 - 3.0K
- 1 - 1.5K
1 - 5mA panel meter
1 - 5mA panel meter, center zero (+-2.5mA meter.)
1 - DPST power switch
2 - Telescoping radio antenna
3 - Knobs for pots
1 - Silica gel dessicant bag (baked to dry it)
1 - proto circ. board
1 - Metal enclosure

The Scalar Electrostatic Gradiometer. Robert A. Shannon ,rshannon@nectech.com November 1995
The Scalar Electrostatic Gradiometer is a device which measures the interaction of environmental electrostatic fields and gradients with an artificially generated electrostatic field. This interaction is displayed on an analog meter, along with a separate electromagnetic field strength meter, so that the user may compare the relative activity of electromagnetic and electrostatic phenomena.
The user may control the polarity and magnitude of the artificially generated electrostatic field, which is used to sense environmental fields and phenomena by direct electrostatic field to field interference. By noting the response to changes in this reference field, a great deal of information about the environmental fields may be deduced. Normal electromagnetic phenomena are indicated separately, to clarify the nature of the electrostatic effects.
By mapping non-linearities in the ambient environmental electrostatic fields, an area may be scanned for "congruences" of bioelectric and exotic fields, and anticipate probable sites for future activity as well as locations of present or past events.
This surprisingly simple device has proven to be highly sensitive and accurate. By noting environmental non-linearities in the electrostatic field interactions, a broad range of formerly subjective phenomena now becomes hard, cold, objective data. New patterns of interaction between environmental field sources can shed some light on the nature of these phenomena.
This device is suitable for the study of an enormous range of subjects, such as: investigations into Paranormal phenomena of all types, geomantic and divination studies, study of standing wave phenomena, both electromagnetic and scalar, and the detection and mapping of telluric currents.
In a short time, users with no technical understanding of the device are able to detect and collect useful data in practical studies.
Notes on Component Selection:
By convention the electromagnetic field strength meter is a standard meter movement, while the electrostatic meter uses a zero centered meter that deflects right for positive and left for negative currents. Full sized meters in the 0 to 5 milliamp (-2.5 to 0 to +2.5 ma. for the electrostatic meter) range are recommended. The meters selected should be rugged, and have easily readable faces and good mechanical damping. Use the highest quality meters available, as the nature of the meters' actions convey a great deal of information in most situations.
It is possible to use a normal meter movement for both sections without circuit modifications other than selecting the correct value for the series resistor. The value of the current limiting resistors in series with each meter must be selected so that full range deflection occurs one to two volts below the positive supply voltage.
If you prefer to use a LED or LCD bar graph type display, substantial circuit modifications will be needed to prevent false readings induced by power line frequencies. These have no effect on the mechanical meter movements in the circuit as presented. Several stages of active filtering may be needed.
Digital displays should not be used, as the trend of the meter reading is often important. This is an analog device in nature, and should remain so. If computerization is mandatory, a graphical display should be used.

Construction:
Assemble the circuit according the schematic diagram. Use proper component layout techniques to minimize stray capacitance. To minimize microphonics, use either "pad per hole" copper clad breadboard, or fabricate a printed circuit board. Pay close attention to grounding. As the circuit is quite simple, the board may be mounted directly to the connections on the rear of the meters, using the electrical connections as the mechanical mounting for the circuit board as well.
The Gradiometer MUST be built in a metal box to prevent the user's body capacitance from severely limiting the sensitivity and performance of the unit. All connections for the three sense antennae should use BNC or similar connectors.
By convention, the two meters are placed side by side, with the RF sniffer on the left, and the "Delta Es" or electrostatic meter on the right. The sensitivity control for the sniffer should be located on the left, under the meter or on the left hand side of the unit. The sensitivity and bias controls for the electrostatic meter circuit are placed under or beside the meter on the right hand side of the unit. The two electrostatic antennae connect on the top side of the enclosure.
The antennae themselves should be simple straight antennae. Telescoping sections may be used, so that the operator may control the field interaction area. The electrostatic antennae should be parallel, or slightly divergent. The RF sniffer antenna may take any reasonable form, but should not intrude between the electrostatic antennae.
To wind L1, select a small toroid core with high reactance at lower frequencies. Twist a foot or so of small diameter insulated wire, and then wind this twisted pair onto the core in the normal manner for a toroidal coil. Use two different colors of insulated wire, and make sure the correct connections and phasing are used.
If you cannot locate a 100 megohm resistor, use a small number of the largest value resistors available. This resistor provides a path to ground for excess charge deposited onto the collector antenna by electrostatic field interaction and greatly enhances the stability of the device. The exact value is not critical, but it should be as high as practical.
The "gimmick" is a short length of the same twisted pair as is used in L1. This forms a small value capacitor to stabilize the electrostatic meter amplifier. Start with five inches or so. This will be trimmed in the checkout and calibration section. Do not substitute a variable capacitor here, use the old fashioned "gimmick" from the old days of radio.
As always, verify that there are no wiring errors, check that all grounding points and connections are of good quality.

Checkout and Calibration:
With the unit fully assembled, and fresh batteries in place, verify by moving the bias control that the "Delta Es"`meter will move throughout its full range. If the meter will not deflect evenly in both directions, check that both batteries are in good condition and that the bias potentiometer is working correctly, and does not have any non-linearities or other problems.
Check that the sensitivity control also works well. If the electrostatic meter "pegs and sticks" easily, and cannot be brought back by changing the bias control alone, trim a few millimeters of the "gimmick" device, and repeat the testing. This must be dome by trial and error. Be comfortable with the operation of the device before each interaction of the trimming and testing process. If you have trimmed too far, tighten the twisted pair just a bit.
Verify that the RF sniffer section and its sensitivity control also work correctly. Use a radio source such as a small wireless mike or garage door opener for testing. The RF sniffer should be able to detect low powered RF signal sources at a good range, and CB transmitters many tens of yards away. Background electromagnetic radiation levels should be easily visible at the highest sensitivity settings. This value should be noted first in each field survey or measurement.
Note the effect of RF transmissions on both meters. There should be only a small electrostatic effect unless standing waves are present.
If you travel with the device, it may be wise to make allowances to alter the gain of the sniffer amplifier stage itself. Ambient RF levels vary over a wide range; make sure that this background level may be measured in "quiet" areas. At full sensitivity, there should always be a reading on this meter.
Local effects which produce a lowering of this background level and anomalous electrostatic effects deserve special attention, as do higher than usual EM signal areas, with and without electrostatic anomalies.
The combination of such EM nulls with electrostatic-effect anomalies, along with localized endothermic effects (such as cold spots, or high heat loss zones) confirms "exotic" phenomena.
If the device is built in a humid environment, allow the unit to stabilize in an air conditioned area before calibration of the gimmick. Seal the unit well and include a small packet of dessicant inside the unit, secured so that it will not move about. New England winters are ideal times for gradiometer calibration.

Theory of Operation:
The electrostatic section consists of a differential electrometer and an associated electrostatic field source designed to have high rejection of RF and ambient electromagnetic signals. The high gain configuration limits the frequency response to a few Hertz only.
The bias control presents a DC voltage to C3, and the electrostatic leakage through this capacitor charges the emitter antenna until C3 has reached equalibrium. RFC1 prevents ambient RF from entering the power supply. The two capacitors shown on the bias potentiometer should be physically on the bias control itself to minimize lead length.
L1 and its associated capacitors form a pi network RF filter. The bifilar winding of L1 helps common mode RF signal rejection, and enhances the electrostatic field interaction.
IC-1 forms a differential electrometer, and produces an output in proportion to the electrostatic differential between the antennae. This first stage is kept stable by the electrostatic "gimmick". The second stage of IC-1 forms a simple meter driver and integrator.
The RF sniffer is conventional in its operation. A simple detector drives an amplifier stage. The 1 megohm resistor from output to inverting input may be changed to alter the gain. If the ambient RF levels in your area are low, you may wish to raise the value of this resistor to increase the maximum sensitivity of the RF sniffer section.

Operation and Use:
Once you have completed and calibrated your gradiometer, spend some time familiarizing yourself with its operation and behavior. In a dry environment try moving different types of plastics around the antenna area and note the reaction. Try this with differing amounts and polarities of charge on the emitter element by adjusting the bias control and watching the meter.
Watch how fast the electrostatic meter reacts to changes in the bias control, note any differance, or preferance to one polatiry or the other. Watch the reaction of the meters as you move along the electorstatic gradients. Be aware that large concentrations of ions will also be detected.
Try placing insulators with large free electrostatic fields some distance from the unit, and move the unit around the bit of plastic. Repeat this with a conducting electrostatic shield near the plastic object, and note how the electrostatic "shield" effects the readings.
Once familiar with your gradiometer, take it out for a walk. Note how objects effect the electrostatic field locally, and note any patterns of interaction. Pay attention to areas with higher than ambient RF fields, as there may be electromagnetic standing waves present with associated electrostatic fields.
If possible, take your new gradiometer to a site with known "exotic" phenomena activity. You will find that the gradiometer is quite sensitive to a wide range of effects. If at times the gradiometer appears to be suffering from some form of external interference, not electromagnetic in nature, shut the unit off for a few minutes. Shorting the electrostatic antenna briefly may also help. Wait a few calm minutes, and then resume your measurements. If this becomes common in a specific location, check for the presence of any ionizing radiations.
This gradiometer design has been used sucessfully in measurements of neolithic sites. It detected faulty reconstruction at the site, as well as standing stones not shown on maps of the site, and the original locations of stones which had moved due to frost-thaw cycles. Measurements of anomalous electrostatic fields associated with quartz crystals which had been "charged" by shamantic processes have been made. Areas reported to have experienced paranormal phenomena, also verified by "sensitives", have been independently found and measured by gradiometer survey.
In more than one case, hidden objects were found by use of a gradiometer. The person who owned and hid the objects was present during the test, and as the operator moved closer to the hidden objects, the owner of the objects would experience some anxiety. Electrostatic anomalies would then be manifest around the objects, givng away their position. There was no way for the owner of the hidden objects to cue the gradiometer operator.
If in doubt, try it yourself. Objective experience expands the mind.
Objects that had been "protected" from detection by alleged psychic means were also easily detectable without the hider being present. This should be tested with lost objects as well!
I hope this starts a few lines of inquiry into any of the many apparently different types of reported exotic phenomena. The general utility of this device might suggest that these apparently different phenomena may actually all be quite closely related. This simple device allows us to open the door to a much larger world.
I look forward to hearing of your adventures with this device. For years I've wanted to see what readngs might be collected from a "genuine" crop circle, as well as several other such subjects.

MAIL, NOTES FROM BILL B., 7/2001

Quote:WARNING: IC1 IS EASILY DESTROYED BY 'STATIC'This instrument can easily be wrecked by electrostatic voltages. If you build up static body potenitals on a dry day, then "zap" either of the antennas, you'll kill IC1. To greatly reduce this possibility, build the whole device into a metal case. That way the body of the person holding the instrument will not be able to deliver huge voltages to the antennas. Just avoid bumping the antennas against large metal objects and other people. And buy some extra op-amp chips so you have replacements for IC1 when it gets zapped. Bob Shannon's Gradiometer differs from this one-transistor FET detector in that it measures the strength of LOCAL FIELD DIRECTION of environmental voltage, rather than directly measuring the environmental voltages (relative to ground.) One large benefit is that the Gradiometer should mostly ignore the charge of the human being holding the device. For example, the simple charge detector goes crazy if you walk across a carpet with rubber-soled shoes. The gradiometer instead measures the difference in the voltage picked up by the two antennae, and unless the input is overloaded, this difference would not change enormously as you touch your shoes to the carpet.CENTER-READING METERIf you can't find a +- meter, some kinds of 5mA meters can be modified to move the needle to the center position. If the usual adjusting screw won't go far enough, then remove the plastic cover plate and carefully turn the adjustment by hand. Then simply make a paper meter scale label and glue it in place.TL082 OP AMP, VERSUS TL072While it is always a bad idea to alter a "weird science" device, you might wish to try using TL072 op amps instead of the one used above. TL072 were sold in later years, and create less circuit noise than TL082. Try both, and if TL072 does not improve things, stick with the original parts list.MIGHT DRIFT AND LOSE GAIN ON HUMID DAYSNote that the whole circuit around pins 2 and 3 of IC1 is dealing with thousand-megohm resistances. For this reason, surface leakage of all components becomes significant, and the gain may go way down during high humidity. Provide an airtight enclosure for the instrument so the bag of silica gel dessicant won't fill up with water and stop working.If you make a printed circuit board for the gradiometer, it might be best to NOT make any traces for the conductors attached to pins 2 and 3 of IC1, or the conductors attached to the two antennas. Instead, solder the terminals of these components directly to each other, so the wires are hanging in space and aren't touching the moist surface of the PCB. This includes the terminals of RFC1, T1, and one lead each of C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, and R2. You might even want to bend pins 2 and 3 of IC1 up into the air, and solder wires directly to them, rather than letting them touch the conductive plastic of a proto board or an IC socket. It might even be wise to paint the plastic case of IC1 with red GLPT high-voltage paint (corona dope), to limit the surface leakage across the IC1 plastic package, ESPECIALLY any surface leakage between the -9v on pin 4 and the adjacent pin 3. If humidity is high and meter M1 seems to constantly drift negative, it probably is caused by surface leakage between pin 4 and 3 of IC1.T1 BIFILAR CHOKET1 and the four surrounding capacitors appear to form a "common mode" filter which rejects high frequency (such as radio signals and the continuing electrical noise from nearby power lines caused by light dimmers and motor brush sparks.) Any small toroid core should work, although a larger core would give larger inductance and better filtering."GIMMICK" TWISTED PAIRThe "gimmick" probably functions as a resistor. Note that the first section of IC-1 is wired as a conventional op-amp differential amplifier, but it lacks a feedback resistor. If we wanted to make it be a high-gain DC amp, we'd need a 10,000 megohm resistor across pins 1 and 2, in order to form a 100x divider network with the 100 megohm resistor R2. The tiny conductance of the plastic of the twisted-pair 'gimmick' (as well as the conductance of surface leakage across that plastic) probably forms an ultra-high-value resistor. The capacitance of the 'gimmick' probably forms a capacitive divider with C7, which prevents overload by signals at frequencies too high for the meter needle to respond.Note that there is no resistor anywhere connected to pin 3 of IC1. Pin 3 is electrically "floating," except for the ultra-high resistance of capaictors C3, C4, and C5. These capacitors probably provide an invisible voltage divider (just assume they act as resistors with values much higher than 1000 megohms.) If these capacitors were perfect insulators, the output of the op amp would drift all over the place and would not respond to the R1 "bias" control. If your meter DOES drift uncontrollably, try swapping out C3 with other types of .001uF capacitor until you find one with the right kind of internal leakage. Or, if you can locate a 10,000Megohm resistor, wire it across C3.

Date: Mon, 13 Aug 2001 10:19:51 -0700 (PDT)From: William Beaty <>To: Freenrg-L Subject: Re: [FG]: Gradiometer againC. Ford mentioned one problem with battery power: meter drift is caused by the way the R1 "bias" pot is connected. Since the gain of the electrostatic section is probably over 100x, then whenever the voltage of the 9v batteries drift, the meter needle will wander rapidly. To stop this, rather than feeding +-9v to the legs of R1, we should feed them regulated power. To make a simple 6.2v voltage regulator, connect a 6.2v zener across the load being regulated, then put a resistor in series with the incoming supply. On the above schematic, we'd connect a 100K resistor in series with each leg of pot R1, then use two 6.2v zener diodes (number 1N4735A), connecting each zener to ground and to one leg of R1, with diode polarity chosen for correct operation.LOL! Brainstorm!If we aren't dead certain about how this device really works, maybe we shouldn't change it. What if the most interesting readings are ACTUALLY USING THE 9V BATTERIES AS AN ANTENNA?!! If some "weird physics" signals are slightly altering the output voltage of the 9v batteries, then this device is actually a "differential detector" where simultaneous changes of battery voltages are ignored, but if one battery voltage goes up while the other goes down, the meter needle strongly responds. Don't forget, the voltage of a battery comes right from quantum mechanics; right from the microscopic layer of aligned electrolyte molecules which coats the battery electrodes. In that case, we could get rid of the antennas, and instead improve the sensitivity by putting each 9v battery on the end of a long rod!If anyone here has already built this device, try adding zeners to make regulated +-6volts, then add a DPDT switch that lets you connect R1 either directly to the batteries, or to regulated 6V. Then, when using the device, see if the voltage regulation makes it behave better. Or see if the voltage regulation REMOVES the interesting signals.

Another Cap Dump Method

Tue, 05 Sep 2023 03:09:23 +0200

Since everyone here likes to experiment with cap dumps. Here is another circuit that does not need a neon or a SCR. It offers more stable dump and can run long term and is self triggered as well! I hope you like. Here is the video on youtube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekRndr_0...AilO78DvFM

The idea is to charge the big cap lets say at 48 volts, And the Zener lets say reverse voltage at 28 volts triggers the R voltage divider adjusted carefully tor minimum power needed to trigger the reed switch. The small cap in front of the reed hold the reed switch on for a few milliseconds for the cap to keep dumping even below the zener breakpoint to complete the dump. Relay closes again and the cycle repeats, Drive your big cap with any high voltage low current source such as electrostatics, Bedini motors etc... Some adjustments will be needed after. expect a very stable cap dump.

The Magnetic Resonance Motor

Thu, 17 Aug 2023 23:16:13 +0200

The concept of a resonance-based magnetic motor!

This indeed stands as a tantalizing prospect. The idea is to set up a system where the resonant frequencies of magnetic fields are utilized to create motion, and if done properly, this could lead to a far more efficient system. Here’s a step-by-step guide to building such a motor, integrating the principles of vacuum energy, and an explanation of how it could work.

1. The Core Concept

The fundamental idea here is to exploit the magnetic resonance to establish a field interaction that can generate a continuous rotation. By precisely tuning the coils and magnet arrangements, you can create a situation where the magnetic fields are resonating with each other, which can provide the force needed to turn the motor.

2. Designing the Motor

A. Magnetized Shaft

Materials: A central shaft that is magnetized, carefully oriented to your design.
Alignment: The polarity and positioning of the magnets in the shaft should be aligned with the resonant magnetic fields you want to create.

B. Coils and Windings

Materials: High-quality copper wire wound into specific geometric shapes (e.g., toroidal or helical coils) around a ferromagnetic core.
Tuning: The coils should be designed to resonate at specific frequencies that align with the natural frequencies of the magnets in the shaft.

C. Magnetic Flux Management

Materials: Additional magnets or magnetic materials to guide and control the magnetic flux.
Design: Positioning and alignment are key here. You want to create a path for the magnetic flux that will lead to the desired rotation.

3. The Resonance

Resonant Frequency Matching: By carefully selecting the properties of the coils and magnets, you can create a situation where they resonate with each other. This is akin to pushing a swing at just the right time to make it go higher.

Magnetic Resonance Amplification: Through resonant amplification, small input energy can create large oscillations in the magnetic fields.

4. Tapping Into Vacuum Energy

Zero-Point Energy: Utilizing principles of vacuum fluctuation and the Dirac sea, it may be possible to design the system in such a way that it can draw energy from the vacuum itself.

Broken Symmetry: By breaking the symmetry in the arrangement, you may be able to create a situation where energy is fed into the system from the vacuum.

5. Control and Tuning System

Electronic Control System: This would be used to carefully control the input to the coils, ensuring that they are driven at their resonant frequency.
Feedback System: A feedback system would monitor the performance of the motor, making real-time adjustments to ensure that it stays in resonance.

6. Putting It All Together

Assembly: Careful assembly and alignment of all components are crucial to ensuring that the magnetic fields are properly oriented and that the system can resonate as intended.

Testing and Tuning: Extensive testing and tuning would be needed to find the exact resonant frequencies and ensure that the system is working as intended.

7. Potential Challenges

Material Selection: The exact materials and dimensions would need to be carefully selected to meet the requirements of the design.

Resonance Stability: Maintaining resonance might be a delicate balance, requiring precise control and feedback.

The above design represents an ambitious approach to energy conversion and a potential breakthrough in efficiency. By aligning with the principles of resonance, magnetic arrangements, and vacuum energy, such a system could indeed create significant work with relatively little input.

100W OU Radiant Energy Circuit

Tue, 02 May 2023 23:27:09 +0200

Hey Joel, good to meet you. First I want to thank you for your findings and making them public. It's extremely rare and difficult to come across people like you because your interest is at the heart of technology, even if it's suppressed or under the table. All of what you mentioned in the video is correct. Radiant energy and back EMF are one of my favorite hobbies because they give you a lot of potential, and it seems that based around that concept you have been posting inspirational content around this, which makes it a lot more exciting. The phenomenon is in fact over unity, and I have drawn out a couple radiant chargers and implemented Ritalie's radiant chargers as an example to make it available for those who want to experiment, which I may post later on.

What I wanted to touch on was the 100 watts of free energy video you did on the capacitor dump circuit that would charge through an electrolytic capacitor, and discharge through a neon lamp. I have to say, you give yourself a lot less credit than you deserve. And even though you say "oh well its just a simple circuit" or that "all i did was xyz," you can't ignore the fact that you have put together something spectacular.

Although there wasn't a specific schematic for your circuit in the video, I was able to follow along with it enough to know what you were talking about, along with what was clarified in the comments.

I can't guarantee the schematic here is exactly correct as in the video, but for firing back EMF at resonance to the coil, it serves a purpose.

A lot of questions people had were about the coil in the video, as it's just an ethernet or telephone cable wound around a spool. This is very easy to make, but there's a misconception that makes it harder than at first looks apparent. This coil CANNOT exceed 2 Ohms, anything over and you are losing current. The resistance is intentionally low, (all wires at both ends shorted) to preserve the voltage after the loop.

The coil also NEEDS a lot of surface area to draw in as much radiant energy as possible. That can take some experimenting. In your video, Joel, the telephone cord you have has 4 wires, and some people were wondering about an RJ45 ethernet cable which has 8 wires. So, will that work? The answer is yes, as long as the coil does NOT exceed 2 ohms, and you are combining all wires at each end. Stranded copper is also best, because there is more surface area within a volume on smaller wires than one large wire.

Thanks for your demonstration, and I'll make any changes as needed in the schematic. I'll post some other circuits as well for inspiration on Radiant energy in the future.